Margaret MacMillan On France In 1919

Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919

(Toronto: Random House; 2001), p. 28.

ʻDuring the Peace Conference, France's allies became exasperated with what they saw as French intransigence, French greed and French vindictiveness.

They had not suffered what France had suffered.

The war memorials, in every city, town and village, with their lists of names from the First World War, the handful from the Second, tell the story of France's losses.

A quarter of French men between eighteen and thirty had died in the war, over 1.3 million altogether out of a pre-war population of 40 million.

France lost a higher proportion of its population than any other of the belligerents. Twice as many again of its soldiers had been wounded. In the north, great stretches of land were pitted with shell holes, scarred by deep trenches, marked with row upon row of crosses.

Around the fortress of Verdun, site of the worst French battle, not a living thing grew, not a bird sang.

The coal mines on which the French economy depended for its power were flooded; the factories they would have supplied had been razed or carted away into Germany.

Six thousand square miles of France, which before the war had produced 20 percent of its crops, 90 percent of its iron ore and 65 percent of its steel, were utterly ruined. . . .ʼ

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